Land tenure reform and gender equality research and policy. The story is not simply one of collapse and catastrophe. Published in volume 11, issue 2, pages 20537 of american economic journal. Government will continue to accelerate the pace of land reform within the framework of the constitution of the republic of south africa, respective legislation and according to the rule of law. The land reform programme in zimbabwe has been a major area of international discussion for almost five years now. Gender issues in land allocation and reform the primary goal of the land reform in zimbabwe has always been to create racial parity in access to land for settlement and farming.
Agrarian change, gender and land rights wiley online library. The targets of the first phase of the land reform and resettlement program were landless families, the unemployed and poor families with dependants. Land reform also agrarian reform, though that can have a broader meaning involves the changing of laws, regulations or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform can also affect disparities between men and women. The guide aims to show where and why gender inclusion is important in projects and. It aims to set the scene for the detailed reports on different aspects of land reform that will follow. Land tenure reform and gender equality research and. A second potential source of land is through state transfers.
Land reform definition of land reform by the free dictionary. The targets of the first phase of the land reform and resettlement program were landless families, the. Objectives and significance of land reforms hubpages. This book inserts consideration of womens situation and gender relations within the context of the political and economic issues in the land reform process, with particular focus on the resettlement program of the 1980s and 1990s, but includes as well a discussion of the implications for women and gender of. Land reform and gender in postapartheid south africa is implemented, for instance the conferring of new rights on m en as the perceived heads of households, to the exclusion of women. Fn14 the 1996 constitution, drafted by a democratically elected constitutional assembly, was more.
South africa has just completed a land reform summit july 2005, and the process of land claims by black africans3 against white african commercial farmers has intensified. Land reform definition is measures designed to effect a more equitable distribution of agricultural land especially by governmental action. Yet, the report argues, now is a good time for governments to begin scaling up land reform. Diis report examines the role of development cooperation in land reforms and the extent to. Land reform can, therefore, refer to transfer of ownership from the more powerful to the less powerful, such as. The study reported that of around 7 million hectares of land redistributed via the land reform or 20% of zimbabwes area, 49. Gender and access to land food and agriculture organization. Evidence from land reform in west bengal by sonia bhalotra, abhishek chakravarty, dilip mookherjee and francisco j. Land reform thus is more than redistribution of land either by breaking up large estates or by consolidation of holdings.
Land reform definition of land reform by merriamwebster. This report forms part of a larger research programme financed by the danish for eign ministry. This paper discusses land reform programmes in the context of gender relations. Underlying the land reform program is the pervasive influence of. Indeed, these have been part of the reality but there have also been successes, which have thus far gone largely unrecorded. Land reform in south africa is a moral, social and economic imperative. Typically, however, government land reform and resettlement programs tend to allot land almost exclusively to males. On land issues, that means a picture of a predatory state driving white farmers off the land and handing it out to cronies and bogus war veterans, who fail to produce anything much in the way of crops zimbabwe takes back its land, a new book coauthored by joe hanlon, jeanette mangengwa and teresa smart. Land policies have been developed but as moyo 2000 argues there has been inconsistent implementation of these policies by the government of zimbabwe. Land reform is a change in the system of land ownership, especially when it involves. Agrarian reform, gender and land rights in uzbekistan assessing poverty alleviation strategies for their impact on poor women.
Land is crucial to the livelihoods and security of many rural women. Chapter 4 lists some key indicators that can be used in land administration to. Land reform is probably one of the most difficult domestic policy issues to be dealt with by zimbabwe, namibia, south africa and australia. Section three is an exposition of the process of transformation with regard to gender equity within the department of land affairs itself. Reforms such as these may be proclaimed by a government, by interested groups, or by revolution. Land reform is a deeply political process and therefore many arguments for and against it have emerged. Speeding up the identification for compulsory acquisition of not less than. In the case of vietnam, the 1993 land law created a land market by giving households the power to exchange, lease and. Surging commodity prices and strong foreign direct investment. Land reform has therefore become synonymous with agrarian reform or a rapid improvement of the agrarian structure, which comprises the land tenure system, the pattern of cultivation and farm organization, the scale of farm operation, the terms of tenancy, and the institutions of rural credit, marketing, and education. A critical analysis of the land reform programme in zimbabwe. Zimbabwe received financial assistance for land reform during the 1980s and 1990s from various governments.
The new fao gender and land rights database helps to better understand the social, economic, political and cultural dimensions of womens access to land, which is crucial to design better policies. Section four is an inquiry into the way in which or whether women benefited from the land reform. Jan 28, 20 it often takes a generation for a land reform to produce results the larger of zimbabwes two post apartheid land reforms is only a decade old, but new farmers have already caught up with the previous whitedominated system in production although of course, there are always better and worse farmers in any category. A case study approach on the land reform for agricultural development lrad subprogramme philani madletyana a research report submitted to the faculty of humanities, university of the witwatersrand, johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts. The land reform and property rights in zimbabwe of 2010 is a sequel report to the 2007, adding insult to injury, a preliminary report on human rights violations on commercial farms 20002005. A study with special reference to india at the crossroads of class and gender. A mixed picture emerges, but women have been seriously disadvantaged within most programmes by the granting of land title or permits to men. Since not so much land has so far been transferred through the south african land reform, the effect it can have had so far on variables such as employment, poverty and production is limited. Realizing domestic workers labour rights research and policy brief 20. Images of chaos, destruction and violence have dominated the coverage.
Land reform, implementation, land information system, cadastre, sustainable development. Improving gender equality effectively policy makers need to address the multiple layers that impede gender equality in land rights. We analyse a tenancy registration programme in west bengal, and find that it. Chapter 4 lists some key indicators that can be used in land administration to evaluate and monitor gender related access to land. The land reform programme was described as illegal and a failure. Pdf overall impacts of fast track land reform programme. Fast track land reform in zimbabwe centre for public impact. Land reform programme ftlrp, which started in 2000, has created an expanded number and array of small, medium and large scale farms, and effectively transferring ownership from the minority. In 2011, under a redefined department of rural development and land reform, the land purchase grants slag, lrad and others were discontinued and state land purchase became the only form of land redistribution. Land reform may consist of a governmentinitiated or governmentbacked property redistribution, generally of agricultural land. In this section, we zero in on masvingo province in the central south and east of the country. Race gender and class in the government of commercial farm workers in hurunawe district. Dynamics of womens land rights, agrarian change and gender transformation in zimbabwes fast track land reform programme.
A gendered analysis of land reform policy and implementation. Pdf dynamics of womens land rights, agrarian change and. This would perhaps explain the poor implementation of the 1999 draft national land policy, which sought to address gender in the zimbabwe land reform program but with little fulfilment. Pdf land reform and gender in postapartheid south africa. The land reform in zimbabwe was organised in line with that slogan and had the following basic elements of speed, which made it to be known as the fast track land reform. Land administration, gender equality and development cooperation. In each of these countries the process of land reform is incomplete. During the first and second phases of the land reform programme government pursued a narrowly defined land reform programme which focused solely on the in his ph.
The only provision was in relation to the right to restitution of land rights for persons or communities dispossessed of such rights under discriminatory laws. Within the analysis of the relationship between public administration and land reform, focus is on the origin of public administration and sustainable developments perspective to public administration. The research takes a feminist approach in examining the gender disparities in the momentous era in zimbabwes history. The report lays out land reform pilots in malawi, benin, burkina faso, ghana, mozambique, tanzania, uganda and other countries and shows how many countries in subsaharan africa have recognized customary land rights and gender equality, the two key issues that provide a basis for sound land administration. Chapter 3 illustrates why gender is an important issue for land reform and land administration. A gendered analysis of land reform policy and implementation outcome in south africa 2006 200809 acknowledgements the commission for gender equality is grateful to the department of rural development and land reform drdlr, the department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries daff and.
The concept of land reform has varied over time according to the range of functions which land itself has. Disparity between policy design and implementation medicine masiiwa institute of development studies university of zimbabwe may 2004 note. June 2005 abstract land reform the reallocation of rights to establish a more equitable distribution of farmland can be a powerful strategy for promoting both economic development and environmental quality. For example, in the twentieth century, many land reforms emerged from a particular political ideology, such as communism or socialism. A gendered analysis of land reform policy and implementation outcome in south africa 2006 200809 acknowledgements the commission for gender equality is grateful to the department of rural development and land reform drdlr, the department of. Zimbabwe has a long history of land reform that dates back to the early 1980s. Land reform definition and meaning collins english dictionary. This book inserts consideration of womens situation and gender relations within the context of the political and economic issues in the land reform process, with particular focus on the resettlement program of the 1980s and 1990s, but includes as well a discussion of. Land reform act, 19951 addresses redistribution of freehold land, and the community land reform act clra focuses on tenure reform in communal areas. Proactive land acquisition strategy involving the state purchasing land itself, possibly for onward transfer to beneficiaries. Underlying this is usually the assumption that men are the primary cultivators and breadwinners and. Even though land constitutes the main asset from which the rural poor are able to derive a livelihood, millions of such farming families do not enjoy ownership rights over it and.
Land reform has returned to prominence not just in zimbabwe but also in southern africa more generally. Measures, such as the division of large properties into smaller ones, that are taken to bring about a more equitable apportionment of agricultural land. Much of this land was previously cattle ranches, with limited. Zimbabwe, on one side of the spectrum, is facing a crisis in democratisation due to its radical approach to land reform. Fast track land reform in zimbabwe centre for public. Ive never been to zimbabwe, so tend to get my messages from the news coverage. Land reform, a purposive change in the way in which agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of cultivation that are employed, or the relation of agriculture to the rest of the economy. Gender and access to land food and agriculture organization of.
Land reform definition and meaning collins english. This is further corroborated by literature from undergraduate and postgraduate students who have done researchwork on resettlement areas, especially in masvingo province. The fast track land resettlement program implemented by the government of zimbabwe over the last two years has led to serious human rights violations. An analysis of the relationship between public administration and land reform is undertaken by the study. We find that hindu boys experience a significant decline in infant mortality risk of 4.
An adapted version of this paper appears in the edited collection post independence land reform in zimbabwe, published in may 2004 by the friedrich ebert stiftung in harare. Zimbabwe had unequal land ownership patterns racially and in terms of gender and this had to be. Government will at all times act in the best interest of our nation. But conditions were put on the way that the money handed over could be used. Benefits and costs of land reform in zimbabwe with implications for southern africa, klaus deininger, hans hoogeveen and bill kinsey. Aug 30, 2017 the first phase of land reform was implemented in zimbabwe in the 1980s, so when the ftlrp was launched the government had experience of the nature of the process and its repercussions. These arguments vary tremendously over time and place. Gender and land rights food and agriculture organization. To europe and america, he mugabe is a dictator who has grabbed whiteowned land and. This diagnostic report on land reform is the first of several commissioned reports.
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